TYPES OF INFERENCE

Submitted by admin on Wed, 10/03/2012 - 04:55
TYPES OF INFERENCE
© 2012 by Jensen DG. Mañebog
 
AN INFERENCE is a mental process by which we pass from one or more statements to another
that is logically related to the former. Based on the number of their premise, inferences are basically classified into two:
 
Online Syllabus and Lectures in Logic

1.Immediate Inference – consists in passing directly from a single premise to a conclusion. It is reasoning, without the intermediacy of a middle term or second proposition, from one proposition to another which necessarily follows from it.
Ex: No Dalmatians are cats. Therefore, no cats are Dalmatians.
     All squares are polygons. Therefore, some polygons are squares.

 
2.Mediate Inference- consists in deriving a conclusion from two or more logically interrelated premises. Involving an advance in knowledge, it is reasoning that involves the intermediacy of a middle term or second proposition which warrants the drawing of a new truth.
Ex: All true Christians are theists.
     Paul is a true Christian.
    Therefore, Paul is a theist.
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The various types of inferences
The following outline serves as a guide in understanding the different types of inference according to various classifications.

I. Induction
II. Deduction
A. Immediate Inference
                        1. Oppositional Inference
                                    a. Contrary Opposition
                                    b. Contradictory Opposition
                                    c. Subaltern Opposition
                                    d. Subcontrary Opposition

                        2. Eduction
                                    a. Obversion                
                                    b. Conversion            
                                    c. Contraposition      
                                    d. Inversion               

                        3. Possibility and Actuality   

B. Mediate Inference
                        1. Categorical Syllogism
                        2. Hypothetical Syllogism                 
                                    a. Conditional Syllogism       
                                    b. Disjunctive Syllogism                   
                                    c. Conjunctive Syllogism      

                        3. Special Types of Syllogism
                                    a. Enthymeme                                   
                                    b. Epichireme                        
                                    c. Polysyllogism                     
                                    d. Sorites                                
                                    e. Dilemma                                    
This outline explains, for instance, that the classic inference called conditional syllogism is a deductive mediate inference, while contrariety is a deductive immediate inference under oppositional reasoning.
                                   
 
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Comments

Ma. Cristina Orfanel (not verified)

Sat, 08/24/2013 - 08:50

TYPES OF INFERENCE The topic is about inference; there are two types of inference the immediate inference and mediate Inference. It is important for us to know if the statement is providing us a meaningful relationship. Some statements are valid in our own conclusion but in inference it was depend on the form of inference.

Nerielyn De Asis (not verified)

Sat, 08/24/2013 - 14:34

Arguments can be classified as invalid, valid and sound. That's why it is important that we study about the types of inference because without understanding this we cannot correctly identify the type of an argument.

Estephany Saldon (not verified)

Sun, 08/25/2013 - 03:15

it is important to us to learn the type of inference so that the non-logical, but rational, means, through observation of patterns of facts, to indirectly see new meanings and contexts for understanding.

Jorwill H. David (not verified)

Sun, 08/25/2013 - 10:18

It is important to learn inference so that we can derive our own valid conclusions based on how our statements relate to each other.

anidahlaunte (not verified)

Sun, 08/25/2013 - 11:02

inference is very important kasi yung mga subject matter na akala natin ay tama, pwedeng mali pala at ang mali maaaring maitama. This gives us an idea para wag tayo makapag jump in agad sa isang judgement na dapat ay ma analyze kung tama ba o mali ang isang statement.

anidahlaunte (not verified)

Sun, 08/25/2013 - 11:02

inference is very important kasi yung mga subject matter na akala natin ay tama, pwedeng mali pala at ang mali maaaring maitama. This gives us an idea para wag tayo makapag jump in agad sa isang judgement na dapat ay ma analyze kung tama ba o mali ang isang statement.

Mary Jane Somao-i (not verified)

Sun, 08/25/2013 - 12:07

It is important for us to know the nature and meaning of Inference because it may serve as our guide in constructing different arguments, statements or conclusion.

Millie Anne A. ... (not verified)

Mon, 08/26/2013 - 02:01

It is essential to know what inference is because in our everyday life, we use it. We interpret actions based on specific evidence, achieve basis for our understanding, and we use it as to the clarity of what we are saying.

Jay Viterbo (not verified)

Mon, 08/26/2013 - 02:44

This topic is all about types of inference; the immediate and mediate inference. Its very important to know the importance of inference in logic, so that we can apply it in our daily life.

Jayzon Viterbo (not verified)

Mon, 08/26/2013 - 03:11

TYPES OF INFERENCE Inference is a act or process of deriving logical conclusions from premises assumed to be true. There are two types of inference, one is immediate inference and the other is mediate inference. Immediate inference is an inference which can be made from only one statement or proposition. Mediate inference from two judgments given as premises to a third founded upon them, in which the two terms of the conclusion are found to agree or disagree with each other. I think it is important to know the types of inference for us to know if it is valid or not valid for the conclusion to be made.

Ann Jilly Fabian (not verified)

Mon, 08/26/2013 - 03:34

The topic is important because it is all about the mental process and comprehension of a person if an argument is valid or not.

renz (not verified)

Mon, 08/26/2013 - 04:18

Inference is important because it teaches us logical reasoning so that we may come up with a conclusion based on evidences. It also enhances our logical thinking that we conclude new truths based on statements given.

Karyl Ladrica (not verified)

Mon, 08/26/2013 - 05:08

Inference: It is important to learn about inference for us to be able to distinguish if an argument is Valid or Invalid.

Karyl Ladrica (not verified)

Mon, 08/26/2013 - 05:08

Inference: It is important to learn about inference for us to be able to distinguish if an argument is Valid or Invalid.

Karyl Ladrica (not verified)

Mon, 08/26/2013 - 05:08

Inference: It is important to learn about inference for us to be able to distinguish if an argument is Valid or Invalid.

Alvin B. Anonuevo (not verified)

Mon, 08/26/2013 - 05:25

INFERENCE Inference is an important topic because it teaches us on how to understand an argument PROPERLY.

Theresa Cayas (not verified)

Mon, 08/26/2013 - 05:38

*Inference* Inference is important to learn because it gives us knowledge on how to make a sound argument. It also helps us to determine on WHEN can we say that an argument is "valid, invalid, or sound".

Reinafel (not verified)

Mon, 08/26/2013 - 05:40

Inference is important in identifying whether The conclusion may be correct or incorrect, or correct to within a certain degree of accuracy, or correct in certain situations.

Sara Mie (not verified)

Mon, 08/26/2013 - 05:53

This topic is important because it is the fundamental to successful reading comprehension, they can easily know the author's meaning to a certain article or text. Inference can help the students to apply their experience and knowledge to draw reasonable conclusion to a situation.

Cuyno,Pergentino Jr. (not verified)

Mon, 08/26/2013 - 06:00

Inference The inference is important to learn because inference could be able to understand what is wrong in the statement that we are encounter. It could be also help us in creating a meaningful statement.

Forbes, John El... (not verified)

Mon, 08/26/2013 - 06:49

This topic is important because we can use it on identifying if an argument is valid or invalid. It can protect us from those people who exploit others using their words, for example con artists.

Mico Collantes (not verified)

Mon, 08/26/2013 - 07:35

Types of Inference is important because it helps us to construct sentence carefully and it builds us to analyze logical reasoning. Also, it determines kung ano talaga ang pinag kaiba ng statement sa argument at ng valid sa truth. :D

Jennifer Monterey (not verified)

Mon, 08/26/2013 - 08:17

It is very important to learn inference because we will able to think what is valid and invalid for every statements we said.

Cyndee Cahilig (not verified)

Mon, 08/26/2013 - 08:35

Inference is an essential part of us human beings because, it is a mental process that helps us make a conclusion based on specific evidence and it is a fundamental tool for us to have a successful reading comprehension.

Jomari Macaraig (not verified)

Mon, 08/26/2013 - 09:06

Inference is important. It will help us to identify if the statement is valid or invalid.

Jerson Vista (not verified)

Mon, 08/26/2013 - 10:15

Inference is important for it is helpful on making a valid argument. We can relate one or more statements to come up a new truth.

Mervin (not verified)

Mon, 08/26/2013 - 10:18

One thing to counter an argument and be ready for the next argument to be countered. Evaluating the premise of such arguments, even if it is only one or more, conclusion be formed after the evaluation. Then, it will be judge if it is invalid, valid, or sound.

Jeffrey Carrascal (not verified)

Mon, 08/26/2013 - 12:02

It is important in the way that we can distinguish weather the statement is right or wrong or either valid or invalid.

john azel de loreto (not verified)

Mon, 08/26/2013 - 12:03

Inference is important because it can help us to make the conclusion of the arguments.

Kervy Samarista (not verified)

Mon, 08/26/2013 - 12:54

Inference is important because it can enhance our skills in arguments and distinguish a statement if it is invalid,valid or sound.

Adrian Maranan (not verified)

Mon, 08/26/2013 - 14:09

I think that it is a very useful thing when it comes to analyzation, because it helps us to understand the thought and real meaning and the conclusion of an argument.

Jerome Lozano Gacita (not verified)

Mon, 08/26/2013 - 14:20

This topic is important because it helps us to distinguish if an argument or a statement is Valid or Invalid.

John Kevin Galiza (not verified)

Mon, 08/26/2013 - 14:30

Inference is important because, for you to conclude on the argument, you should consider all the premises stated. Inference is like understanding the whole statements and considering each other to be related before creating a conclusion.

Lady Antoniette... (not verified)

Mon, 08/26/2013 - 15:17

Inference is important because it helps us to identify the types of an argument and to know if the argument is invalid, valid and sound.

Lady Antoniette... (not verified)

Mon, 08/26/2013 - 15:18

Inference is important because it helps us to identify the types of an argument and to know if the argument is invalid, valid and sound.

Nerissa Angelic... (not verified)

Mon, 08/26/2013 - 16:06

It is important for us to study inference and it's different types for us to be able to indentify an argument correctly. This will also helps us in constructing an argument.

Jake Martinez (not verified)

Mon, 08/26/2013 - 16:23

The article derives the word inference logically wherein the topic gives us a better understanding on how our arguments be sound depending on its premises ground that are intertwined with one another.

Kenny R. Roa (not verified)

Mon, 08/26/2013 - 16:40

Inference is essential in drawing conclusion and determining if the statement is true or not. This can protect us from those people who can fool us with wrong ideas.

Almazan.J (not verified)

Mon, 08/26/2013 - 16:54

Knowing and at the same, understanding the different types of inferences makes one logic student learn how to evaluate and determine whether an argument is either true, valid or sound. Besides from that, it also helps in the reasoning process of the receiver before making a final conclusion.

SMJBarce (not verified)

Tue, 08/27/2013 - 01:35

Inference is important because it is one of the parts in argument which makes the argument valid in a logic language.

Ma-Coy (not verified)

Tue, 08/27/2013 - 01:39

For me, It's important to us to study inference for us to improve our minds in making conclusions maybe in depending us or solving a problem. It will help us deciding and concluding in our daily lives.

Lordilyn Valera (not verified)

Tue, 08/27/2013 - 02:36

Inference is important because it builds or mental reasoning us to analyze logical reasoning and determine if the argument is valid or not.

Jamaila Noliar (not verified)

Tue, 08/27/2013 - 02:38

The importance of inference is that it helps us to distinguish the validity and soundness of an argument. It will help us to use an argument correctly.

Dianara P. Padiernos (not verified)

Tue, 08/27/2013 - 02:40

Inference is important because it makes us realize that even our statements are true, it may be logically false.

Rhona Dela Cruz (not verified)

Tue, 08/27/2013 - 02:54

Inference is important. It help us to evaluate whether the argument is valid or not valid.

Lordilyn C. Valera (not verified)

Tue, 08/27/2013 - 03:02

Inference is important because it builds mental reasoning to analyze logically to evaluate arguments if it is valid or not.

Jessica (not verified)

Tue, 08/27/2013 - 08:48

I think it would be better for us to study inference for us to know if a certain statement is true or false.

Bryan Famini (not verified)

Thu, 08/29/2013 - 07:06

Inference is the process of arriving at some conclusion that, though it is not logically derivable from the assumed premises, possesses some degree of probability relative to the premises. Inference is very important in creating a conclusion in such a way that a person would know if the argument is valid or invalid.

Jhen (not verified)

Thu, 08/29/2013 - 11:01

inference is important because we engage with inference every day. it help us to determine if an argument is valid,true and sound.

stevie (not verified)

Thu, 08/29/2013 - 14:22

Even though inference is a non-empirical science like mathematics. Still it is important in our daily lives, because it concerned with the actual mental process employed by a thinking being when it is reasoning and also conclude even if an argument is either true, valid or sound.

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